Chapter 16 study guide- Must be completed as you walk into class next time I see you! Please expect an assessment for chapter 16 :)

AP Biology

STUDY GUIDE: CH. 16

“THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Key terms:

            Transformation                                                                                 DNA ligase

Bacteriophages                                                                                 primer

Phage                                                                                                 primase

Double helix                                                                                     helicase

Semiconservative replication                                                         single-strand binding protein

Origins of replication                                                                      mismatch pair

Replication fork                                                                               nuclease

DNA polymerase                                                                             nucleotide excision repair

Leading strand                                                                                 telomere

Lagging strand                                                                                 telomerase

Objectives:

1. Summarize the experiments performed by the following scientists that provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material: Griffith; Avery; McCarty; MacLeod; Hershey and Chase; Chargaff.
2. Explain HOW Watson and Crick deduced the structure of DNA and describe the evidence they used.  Explain the significance of the research of Rosalind Franklin.
3. Describe the structure of DNA. Explain the “base-pairing rule” and describe its significance.
4. Describe the semiconservative model of replication and the significance of the experiments of Meselson and Stahl.
5. Describe the process of DNA replication. Note the structure of the many origins of replication and replication forks and explain the role of DNA polymerase.
6. Define”antiparallel” and explain why continuous synthesis of both DNA strands is possible.
7. Distinguish between the leading and lagging strand.
8. Explain how the lagging strand is synthesized even though DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the 3’ end.
9. Explain the role of DNA ligase, primase, helicase, and the single-strand binding protein.
10. Explain the roles of DNA polymerase mismatch repair enzymes, and nuclease in DNA proofreading and repair.
11. Describe the structure and function of telomerases.  Explain the significance of telomerase to healthy and cancerous cells.